ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2026
Recent Trends of Incidence, Mortality, Treatment, and Overall Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- From Synthesis to Mechanism: Biological Evaluation of a p-Toluidine-Based Thiazolidinone-Quinoline VEGFR-2 Candidate Supported by CADD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Predicting and Managing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplant: A Single-Center Experience 2012-2024.Cancers · 2026Article
- Current advances and future directions in the management of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
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13 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsWith the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in liver disease etiologies, and expanded therapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), recent trends in the incidence and mortality rates, tumor burden, treatment, and overall survival (OS) of HCC in the United States warrant investigation.
methodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to assess trends in incidence, mortality, tumor burden, and OS. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with curative treatment and no treatment, whereas Cox regression analysis identified factors associated with OS.
resultsHCC incidence rates increased from 2000 to 2014, plateaued from 2014 to 2019, and declined from 2019 to 2022 (annual percent change, -3.74%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.65% to -2.39%; P < .001). Incidence-based mortality increased from 2000 to 2013 and then plateaued through 2022. Compared with 2016 to 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) was associated with lower odds of curative treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82-0.91; P < .001) and increased likelihood of no treatment (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.41-1.54; P < .001). OS improved from 2000 to 2019 but did not significantly change during 2020 to 2022 (vs 2016-2019: adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.01; P = .2). Conversely, OS improved among patients <50 years old, those with distant HCC, and non-Hispanic Blacks. Non-Hispanic Black race was not associated with worse survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.03; P = .4).
conclusionsHCC incidence rates have started to decline, and incidence-based mortality has plateaued. Given lower early-stage detection and curative treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic, longer-term follow-up is warranted to assess the impact on survival. The reduced survival disparities between non-Hispanic Black and White patients may reflect improved equitable medical access.
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