ArticleLasers in medical science2025
Therapeutic synergy between swimming and photobiomodulation in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Article in Lasers in medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-related analgesic responses to photobiomodulation therapy in rats with neuropathic pain.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Untangling neuropathic pain: pathophysiological insights and future directions for targeted therapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and swimming (SW), administered individually or in combination, in alleviating neuropathic pain, enhancing motor function, and preserving skeletal muscle morphology in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Male Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) with chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain were randomly assigned to receive photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), swimming exercise (SW), a combination of both therapies, or no treatment (control). The treatment protocol lasted for 3 weeks, with PBMT applied at a dose of 6 J/cm² (wavelength 904 nm) delivered to the affected limb, and swimming sessions conducted 10-30 min per day, 5 days per week. Behavioral assessments, including mechanical hyperalgesia (Von Frey test), thermal hyperalgesia (Hargreaves test), cold allodynia, and motor function (incapacitance test) were performed weekly to evaluate nociceptive thresholds and functional recovery. Histological analyses of the gastrocnemius muscle were conducted post-treatment to assess morphometric changes, including myofiber integrity, central nucleation, and collagen distribution using PicroSirius Red staining. Both PBMT and SW significantly reduced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and improved motor performance compared to untreated CCI rats (p < 0.05). The combination therapy demonstrated superior analgesic and functional outcomes relative to monotherapies (p < 0.01). Histological analysis revealed a reduction in centrally located nuclei and increased collagen expression in treated groups, with the combined intervention showing the most pronounced improvements. PBMT and swimming exercise independently alleviate neuropathic pain and mitigate muscle degeneration following sciatic nerve injury. When combined, these therapies produce additive or synergistic effects, supporting the implementation of multimodal, non-pharmacologic strategies for managing neuropathic pain and promoting functional recovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.