ArticleJournal of pain research2025
Age and Fibromyalgia as Moderators of the Relationships Between Pain and Loneliness: A Longitudinal Study in Patients with Chronic Pain.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tai Chi as a Mind-Body Intervention to Address Chronic Pain in Socially Isolated Older Adults: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: The interwoven relationship between social distress and pain is an emerging topic in pain research. The present study aimed to explore the association between pain intensity and loneliness in patients with chronic pain and to further explore fibromyalgia and age as moderators. Patients and Methods: We recruited adult chronic pain patients from a pain clinic in Taiwan. Pain intensity was evaluated by 0-10 numerical rating scale, and loneliness was evaluated by 3-item UCLA loneliness scale. The participants were evaluated at baseline (T0) and at a 3-month follow-up (T1). Cross-lagged path analysis was performed to examine the temporal relationship between pain intensity and loneliness. Multigroup analysis was conducted to examine the moderating effect by two pain diagnostic groups (fibromyalgia /non-fibromyalgia), and three age groups (younger /middle /old). Results: A total of 292 patients were included at T0, and 175 completed the T1 evaluation. The mean age of the participants was 60.42 ± 13.73, and 109 were females. The mean pain intensity was 6.00 ± 2.64 and mean duration was 96.73 ± 109.93 months. The results demonstrated that pain intensity (T0) can negatively predict loneliness (T1) (β = -0.10, p =0.017), and loneliness (T0) can positively predict higher pain intensity (T1) (β = 0.20, p =0.002) and is moderated by fibromyalgia and age groups. Conclusion: The study found the bi-directional relationships between pain and loneliness. However, the direction of prediction from pain to loneliness was negative. This implies that the hypothetical vicious circle of escalating pain and loneliness may warrant further investigation.
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