ArticleAddiction & health2025
Comparison of Serum proBNP and Apelin Levels in Hypertensive Crisis Versus Controlled Hypertension: Impact of Opium Addiction Status.
Article in Addiction & health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Hypertension (HTN) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and mortality. It is estimated that by 2025, 1.6 billion people worldwide will suffer from HTN. HTN crisis is characterized by severe HTN exceeding 180/120 mmHg, leading to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute left ventricular failure, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Apelin and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) play a role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Opium addiction has been reported to increase the risk of CVD. In this study, we compared the serum apelin and NT-proBNP levels in HTN crisis and controlled HTN, considering the impact of addiction status among patients referred to Kerman hospitals from 2018 to 2019. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with HTN crisis and 111 controlled HTN subjects as the control group were enrolled. Each group was further divided into two subgroups: non-addicts and opium addicts. Demographic data were recorded, and serum apelin and NT-proBNP levels were measured using the ELISA method. Findings: Our results indicated that patients with HTN crisis had higher apelin levels than controlled HTN individuals ( Conclusion: Contrary to the general belief that opium addiction has cardioprotective effects, we found that opium addiction in controlled HTN subjects was associated with higher DBP and proBNP levels were elevated in addicts with HTN crisis, indicating potential cardiac damage.
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