ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Predicting cerebral palsy and 18-month neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with presumed hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: role of general movements assessment and early neurological examination.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reliability of the Telehealth Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination at 24 Months: A Prospective Counterbalanced Observational Study.Pediatric neurology · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: General movements assessment (GMA), including the Motor Optimality Score-Revised (MOS-R) and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), has been shown in different settings to predict cerebral palsy (CP) and delayed neurodevelopment with high accuracy. However, their combined predictive ability has not been fully evaluated in infants with presumed hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Objective: This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of combined GMA, MOS-R, and HINE at 3 months in term or near-term infants diagnosed with presumed HIE, for neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months. Methods: A cohort of presumed HIE infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) underwent GMA, MOS-R, and HINE at 12-15 weeks, and neurodevelopmental assessments using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID-III) at 9-12 and at 18-24 months of age. Combined early assessments were analysed for their predictive ability across different domains on the BSID-III. Results: Twenty-four infants were included; 7 (29%) had both 12-month and 18-month BSID-III assessments, 12 (50%) were seen only at 12 months, and 5 (21%) only at 18 months. Two infants with absent fidgety movements (FMs) and poor motor repertoire were later diagnosed with CP or showed delays in two domains on the BSID-III assessment at 18 months. While most infants had some abnormality in the MOS-R categories, only absent FMs and abnormal finger variability showed some association with the 18-month BSID-III assessment on univariate analysis. Of the four infants classified as at risk for CP on the HINE at 3 months, two had some motor abnormalities at 18 months. Combining the GMA, MOS-R, and HINE had high sensitivity and negative predictive value (100%), but low specificity (0-17.6%) and positive predictive value (6.2%-25%) for the BSID-III outcome. Conclusion: Combining GMA, MOS-R, and HINE was highly sensitive in this cohort, but had low specificity. This may lead to overdiagnosis, but it may be a useful screening tool for identifying typically developing infants who do not need intensive follow-up.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.