ArticleVeterinary world2025
Goat-derived hyperimmune colostrum and milk following vaccination with live-attenuated and inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: Safety and immunogenicity evaluation.
Article in Veterinary world, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Preclinical Evaluation of a Phage T4-Based Multi-Epitope Nanoparticle Vaccine Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric pathogen causing severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Maternal lactogenic immunity, conveyed through colostrum and milk, is essential for protection; however, sow-derived antibodies may be insufficient in certain production systems. This study aimed to produce PEDV-specific hyperimmune colostrum and milk from goats and evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of live-attenuated and inactivated PEDV vaccines. Materials and Methods: Preliminary safety trials were performed in male goats (n = 6) to monitor clinical signs and adverse reactions after intramuscular vaccination. Ten pregnant Saanen goats were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 5 each) and immunized twice, 8 and 4 weeks before parturition, with either live-attenuated (1 × 10 Results: Both vaccines were well tolerated, with only transient fever observed in three goats. No severe adverse reactions occurred in pregnant goats. The live-attenuated vaccine elicited higher VN titers in serum (peak 1:32) and colostrum (peak 1:2048) compared with the inactivated vaccine (serum peak 1:16; colostrum peak 1:512). Day 0 colostrum titers were significantly greater in the live vaccine group (p = 0.028). Although titers remained higher in this group on days 2, 7, and 14, differences were not statistically significant. Viral RNA shedding was absent in the inactivated group and transient in the live group, persisting up to 7 days in one goat. Conclusion: Vaccination of pregnant goats with live-attenuated or inactivated PEDV vaccines is safe and induces PEDV-specific antibodies in colostrum and milk. The live-attenuated vaccine generated the highest titers, indicating potential for producing goat-derived hyperimmune colostrum as an alternative passive immunization strategy for neonatal piglets. Field trials are warranted to confirm protective efficacy and explore integration into PEDV control programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.