Age and gender distribution of firearm violence in high-income countries: an analysis of data from 1990 to 2019.

Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Marzieh Mahmudimanesh, Marjan Rasoulian-Kasrineh, Seyed Jalaleddin Mousavirad, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei

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Article in Journal of injury & violence research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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Moslem Taheri SoodejaniCenter for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Marzieh MahmudimaneshDepartment of Public Health, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Science, Esfarayen, Iran.

Marjan Rasoulian-KasrinehDepartment of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Seyed Jalaleddin MousaviradDepartment of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.

Seyyed Mohammad TabatabaeiDepartment of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. and Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, ُSchool of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email: moh.taba@gmail.com.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhysical Violence by Firearms (PVF) is a type of violence which is considered a public health challenge in high-income countries. This study is designed to investigate the trend of incidence in these countries among different ages and gender groups, cluster countries based on PVF incidence rates, and analyze changes during the years 1990 to 2019.

methodsAt first, countries were clustered using the K-means algorithm, with the number of clusters determined by the elbow method. The clustering was based on the Euclidean distance of physical violence by Firearms (PVF) incidence rates, and the data were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The annual changes in the incidence in each cluster were calculated by means of sex and age groups. A heat map was also used to investigate the trend of firearms violence, and Arc map GIS was employed to provide the geographical incidence distribution of firearms violence by gender in 4-time points of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019.

resultsThe United States, which was placed alone in a cluster, had the highest incidence changes with an increase of 1.44 cases per 100,000 per year. The highest incidence of violence was among American men aged 20-24, which ranged from 150 to 240 cases per 100,000 people between 1990 and 2019.

conclusionsThe study highlights that access to firearms and related laws are key drivers of the increasing trend of PVF in high-income countries. The clustering of countries revealed distinct patterns of PVF incidence, with the USA showing the highest rates. These findings underscore the need for stricter firearm regulations and targeted interventions, particularly for young men aged 20-24, who are most affected by PVF.

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PMID41111474

PMCPMC13312747

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