ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2025
The cognitive processing of numerical bases: a review of empirical evidence.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- When Development Falls out of Sync: A Developmental Timing Framework for Learning Disabilities.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Number comparison in bilinguals is not affected by their second language.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A glossary for the cross-disciplinary study of numerals.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- When bases clash: cultural, cognitive and practical ramifications of numeration systems used in parallel.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Decade effects in mental addition.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- A solid base for scaling up: the structure of numeration systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We review the empirical research on numerical bases in the context of spoken and written numerical expressions, visual number symbols and the mappings between these expressions and symbols. Most of this research has been carried out with speakers of Indo-European languages, which have decimal systems. Children typically acquire spoken numerical expressions before they learn associated visual number symbols, but numerical expressions are language-specific. The structure of the numerical expressions influences number word learning, with evidence that an explicit base-10 structure in the spoken numerical expressions (i.e.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.