Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41111289›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2025

The notion of the numeral base in linguistics.

Russell Barlow

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A glossary for the cross-disciplinary study of numerals.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. A phylogenetic analysis of numeral anchor choice in New Guinea and lowland South America.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  3. What is thePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  4. Decimal systems around the world.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Handy numerals: compositional elements in body-based numeration systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  6. Making up numbers in Pano languages: idiosyncratic and unconventional base-free quantification inventories in Amazonia.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  7. Compositionality beyond bases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. The cognitive processing of numerical bases: a review of empirical evidence.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. On the grammar of restricted-range numeral systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  10. A solid base for scaling up: the structure of numeration systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Russell BarlowDepartment of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2223-5938

Funding

European Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article details how the notion of the numeral base has been used by linguists, both in the description of individual languages and as a broader concept for comparing different linguistic numeral systems. Although common linguistic understandings of 'base' are generally not the same as mathematical definitions of the term, they may help us understand the different ways in which languages encode numbers. In the hopes of supporting efforts in comparative linguistics as well as facilitating interdisciplinary studies of numeral systems, this article presents a typology of the various phenomena that may all be considered to be a 'base'.This article is part of the theme issue 'A solid base for scaling up: the structure of numeration systems'.

Indexed as

LanguageLinguisticsHumansanchorbasedecimallinguistic numeral systemsnumeralsquinary

Identifiers

PMID41111289
PMCPMC12536273

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.