ArticleMicrovascular research2026
Clinical profile and long-term outcomes of chest pain patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction from the emergency department - results from the Yale-CMD registry.
Article in Microvascular research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in INOCA and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Sex Differences, and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the long-term prognosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) due to all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), or stroke.
methodsA prospective cohort of ED patients evaluated by hybrid cardiac positron emission tomography with attenuation computed tomography within 24 h of arrival. Patients were classified as: (1) Controls - coronary flow reserve (CFR) ≥2 without perfusion defect or coronary calcification; (2) CMD: CFR <2 without defect or calcification; or (3) CAD/CALC - established or new coronary artery disease (CAD) or calcification (CALC). We conducted annual follow-ups for MACE and all-cause healthcare utilization (hospitalizations and ED visits). We adjusted incidence rates (aIR) and hazard ratio (aHR) for demographics, comorbidities, and medications.
resultsBetween 2014 and 2020, 189 patients were enrolled: 95 (50 %) Controls, 34 (18 %) with CMD, and 60 (32 %) with CAD/CALC. Median follow-up time was 50 months (38-92), and a total of 187 unique MACE were recorded in 44 patients. CMD patients had 4× higher MACE risk than controls (aIR 3.8; 95 % CI: 2.1-6.6). CAD/CALC patients had similarly higher risk than controls (aIR: 4.5; 95 % CI: 2.6-7.8). CMD patients had 4× higher risk for time to first MACE than controls (aHR: 3.6; 95 % CI: 1.2-10.7) and higher healthcare utilization per 100 person-months (aIR: 124; 95 % CI: 119-130). Using Seattle Angina Questionnaire, CMD patients showed worse angina frequency than controls (difference: -16.4, 95 % CI: -29.5 to -3.4).
conclusionsPatients with contemporary phenotypes of ischemia (CMD and CAD/CALC) had higher adverse events than controls, positing ED encounters as an opportunity for early identification and treatment.
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