Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41109940›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025

Racial and Ethnic Community Composition and Geographic Distance to Substance Use Disorder Treatment Across the Rural and Urban Divide.

Sophia N D Negaro, Peiyin Hung, Gabriel A Benavidez, Olivia M Hinds, Jan M Eberth, Skylar Gross, Christina M Andrews

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sophia N D NegaroArnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-3709
Peiyin HungArnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Gabriel A BenavidezDepartment of Public Health, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97343, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
Olivia M HindsArnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Jan M EberthDornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Skylar GrossArnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Christina M AndrewsArnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. candrews@mailbox.sc.edu.

Funding

HRSA HHS U1CRH45498
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo examine whether geographic driving distance to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment varies by racial/ethnic concentration of residents in urban and rural communities.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level using data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) 2021 Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator. We conducted logistic regressions to examine rural-urban differences in driving distances to SUD treatment facilities among ZCTAs with a high relative concentration of a single racial/ethnic group.

resultsUrban ZCTAs with a high concentration of Black or Hispanic residents had greater odds of having a SUD treatment facility (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39, confidence interval [CI] [2.04, 2.81] and OR = 2.20, CI [1.86, 2.61], respectively), while ZCTAs with a high concentration of White and American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) communities had lower odds (OR = 0.26, CI [0.23, 0.30] and OR = 0.55, CI [0.47, 0.63], respectively), compared to all other ZCTAs.

conclusionsSUD treatment facilities, which have historically faced heavy stigmatization, are more likely to be placed in communities with a high concentration of Black and Hispanic residents. Consequently, White ZCTAs were less likely to have a SUD treatment facility nearby than other communities. This is important evidence to explore in determining whether stigmatization may play a role in treatment availability.

Indexed as

EthnicityHealth disparitiesRaceSubstance use treatmentTreatment availability

Identifiers

PMID41109940

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.