Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41108649›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

Flip Angle Errors in Actual Flip Angle Imaging Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Water-Based Phantoms.

Niklas Himburg, Max Lutz, Lorenz Mitschang, Jan Gregor Frintz, Sebastian Schmitter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Niklas HimburgPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1115-6364
Max LutzPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1956-3757
Lorenz MitschangPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany.
Jan Gregor FrintzPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany.
Sebastian SchmitterPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4410-6790

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft GRK2260-BIOQICDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SCHM 2677/4-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe aim of this work is to report and investigate unexpected errors in actual flip angle imaging (AFI) applied to phantom fillings based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).

methodsFlip angle maps of PVP/water mixtures with different PVP ratios were acquired at 3 T and 7 T using a 3D cartesian AFI. The influence of spoiling was investigated by varying the RF-spoiling phase increment Φ

resultsMeasurements reveal spoiling curves of PVP/water mixtures that lack the symmetry around Φ

conclusionUnder certain conditions, AFI of PVP/water mixtures suffers from errors originating from interferences of the water and PVP signal components. This can severely reduce the accuracy of the AFI and must be considered for

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingPhantoms, ImagingPovidoneWaterAlgorithmsReproducibility of ResultsPovidoneWateractual flip angle imagingAFIPVPRF spoilingultrahigh field MRI

Identifiers

PMID41108649
PMCPMC12746354

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.