Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41108606›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026

Intrinsically Disordered Protein-Inspired Nanovector-Based Coacervates for the Direct Cytosolic Transport of Biomacromolecules.

Soyeong Jin, Hyemin Park, Seuk-Min Ryu, Dagyeong Guk, Jaeeun Lee, Seongeon Jin, Changjoon Keum, Jinyoung Park, Myoung-Hwan Park, Chaekyu Kim and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Soyeong JinCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Hyemin ParkCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Seuk-Min RyuCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Dagyeong GukCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Jaeeun LeeDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
Seongeon JinCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Changjoon KeumCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Jinyoung ParkCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Myoung-Hwan ParkDepartment of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
Chaekyu KimFusion Biotechnology, Inc., Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
Hojun KimCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Jaegeun NohDepartment of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Kwan Hyi LeeCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Ja-Hyoung RyuDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
Youngdo JeongCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3514-9094

Funding

Korea Institute of Science and Technology 2E33741Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea RS-2023-00281553Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea RS-2023-NR076539Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea RS-2025-00523062
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In eukaryotic cells, membraneless organelles (MLOs) are formed via liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) involving intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and biomacromolecules, enabling biomacromolecule transport without vesicles, transporters, or channels. Although MLO-mimetic coacervates generated from synthetic biomaterials can deliver biomacromolecules into cells, they lack the conformational adaptability of IDPs and a defined internalization mechanism, limiting their stability under physiological conditions and hindering biomedical translation. Here, IDP-inspired nanovectors (IDP-NVs) are developed with conformational adaptability capable of forming nanocoacervates (NCs) with biomacromolecules for cytosolic delivery. Mixing with IDP-NVs and cargos results in stable NCs under physiological conditions, and the NCs can directly penetrate cellular membranes through the molecular motion of IDP-NVs. After the internalization, cytoplasmic glutathione triggers NC disassembly, releasing biomacromolecules in the cytosol. The NCs effectively deliver biomacromolecules of diverse sizes, charges, shapes (globular proteins and antibodies), and functions (mRNAs and CRISPR units), demonstrating their versatility and potential for biomedical applications.

Indexed as

CytosolIntrinsically Disordered ProteinsBiological TransportGlutathioneHumansMacromolecular SubstancesGlutathioneIntrinsically Disordered ProteinsMacromolecular Substancescoacervatescytosolic deliveryintrinsically disordered proteinsliquid‒liquid phase separationmembrane penetration

Identifiers

PMID41108606
PMCPMC13003910

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.