ArticleClinical rheumatology2025
Non-rheumatologic indications of nail fold capillaroscopy: findings in type 2 diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Role of Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in Evaluating Ocular Diseases: Insights into Retinal, Choroidal, and Optic Nerve Pathologies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Nailfold capillaroscopy in diabetic retinopathy: microvascular insights, clinical value, and translational challenges - a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/
objectivesDiabetes mellitus (DM) primarily causes high blood sugar and leads to microvascular complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of adult vision impairment. Early stages of DR often show no symptoms, emphasizing the need for routine eye exams. Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a non-invasive tool that could aid in detecting DM-related microvascular damage but is underused in diabetes care. The aim was to evaluate capillary changes in the nailfold of type 2 DM (T2DM) patients with or without DR.
methodThis cross-sectional study included 120 T2DM patients divided into two groups: group I (T2DM with DR, subdivided into four DR stages based on fundus fluorescein angiography findings) and group II (T2DM without DR). All patients underwent NFC and ophthalmological assessment.
resultsGroup I exhibited significantly lower capillary density (P < 0.001) and higher capillary diameter (P < 0.001) compared to group II. Capillary distribution irregularities, neoangiogenesis, dilated and giant capillaries, and microhaemorrhages were significantly more prevalent in group I (P < 0.05). Among subgroups, capillary density declined (P < 0.001) and diameter increased (P < 0.001) with DR severity, being most pronounced in proliferative DR. ROC curve analysis revealed excellent predictive accuracy of capillary density (AUC = 0.937) and diameter (AUC = 0.840) for detecting DR and proliferative DR, respectively.
conclusionsNFC findings, particularly reduced capillary density and increased diameter, are significantly associated with DR presence and severity. NFC is a promising tool for early detection of microvascular complications in T2DM patients. Key Points • DM primarily causes high blood sugar and leads to microvascular complications like DR, the leading cause of adult vision impairment. NFC effectively identifies significant microvascular changes in T2DM patients with DR, including reduced capillary density, increased capillary diameter, irregular capillary distribution, neoangiogenesis, and microhemorrhages. Capillary density emerged as a reliable predictor, highlighting NFC's potential as a non-invasive tool for early DR detection and assessment.
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