Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41107826›Full record

SynthesisBMC medical education2025

Cultural competency education for healthcare professionals: an umbrella review.

Yewon Lee, Sumi Sung, Xuemei Fan

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yewon LeeCollege of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sumi SungCollege of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea. sumisung@cbnu.ac.kr.
Xuemei FanCollege of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCultural competency is essential for delivering effective and equitable healthcare to increasingly diverse societies. Education and training aim to equip healthcare professionals with the skills and knowledge necessary to provide culturally sensitive care. This umbrella review synthesizes the evidence on cultural competency education for healthcare professionals, focusing on its components, delivery methods, effectiveness, and methodological challenges.

methodsFollowing the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, a comprehensive search of five databases identified 12 systematic reviews. Data on the educational content, delivery methods, theoretical models, and outcomes were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2.

resultsA total of 12 systematic reviews were included, published between 2005 and 2023. Educational content ranged from general cultural concepts (e.g., communication and sensitivity) to culturally specific practices. Delivery methods included lectures, interactive learning, immersive experiences, and digital tools such as virtual reality. Theoretical frameworks provided structured foundations for interventions. Learner outcomes such as improved cultural knowledge and attitudes were predominantly positive, whereas patient outcomes were evaluated less frequently and showed mixed results. Methodological limitations included unvalidated tools and limited meta-analyses, contributing to limited generalizability of findings.

conclusionsCultural competency education effectively improves healthcare professionals' competencies but requires better evaluation of patient-centered outcomes. Addressing these methodological gaps will enhance the evidence based practice, and support the development of feasible, effective strategies for improving education and care quality in diverse healthcare settings. Trial registration The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024586821).

Indexed as

Cultural CompetencyHealth PersonnelClinical CompetenceHumansCultural competencyEducationHealth personnelUmbrella review

Identifiers

PMID41107826
PMCPMC12534997

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.