Trial reportBMC medicine2025
A novel imagery-based retrieval-extinction training for intervention in nicotine addiction.
Trial report in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundRetrieval-extinction training based on the theory of memory reconsolidation has promising intervention effects for addiction. However, the conventional conditioned stimuli used in retrieval-extinction training have limitations in lack of contextual and selective activation of memories, which limits intervention efficacy and clinical translation. Therefore, we developed a novel imagery-based retrieval-extinction training (I-RE) and examined its effects on nicotine addiction.
methodsThis study included 57 nicotine-dependent individuals randomly assigned to either the experimental (n = 29) or control (n = 28) group. Participants were exposed to a 5-min imagery script cue, followed by a 10-min rest period and 60-min extinction training session. Short- and long-term (1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months) intervention effects were assessed via the smoking imagery vividness score, smoking craving, and daily cigarette consumption. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected pre- and post-intervention.
resultsRegarding short-term effects, smoking imagery vividness score [pre- vs. post-intervention: p < 0.001; pre- vs. 1-day follow-up (FU): p = 0.003] and craving significantly decreased (pre- vs. post-intervention: p < 0.001; pre- vs. 1-day FU: p < 0.001). Decreased imagery vividness score mediated decreased smoking craving induced by smoking-related I-RE. Moreover, the significant correlation observed between these variables at pre-intervention disappeared at post-intervention. For effects on EEG microstate, a significant decrease was observed in microstate C duration induced by the smoking-related imagery script cue reactivity task post-intervention (p < 0.001). This mediated a decreased smoking craving induced by smoking-related I-RE. Degree of decrease in duration was positively correlated with addict imagery ability (p = 0.035). Consistently, the microstate C occurrence rate significantly decreased during the memory reconsolidation phase (p < 0.001). Regarding long-term effects, the smoking imagery vividness score (1-week FU: p = 0.004; 1-month FU: p < 0.001), smoking craving (1-week FU: p < 0.001; 1-month FU: p < 0.001), and daily cigarette consumption (1-week FU: p < 0.001; 1-month FU: p < 0.001) significantly decreased at 1-week and 1-month FU. Furthermore, decreased smoking craving mediated decreased Daily cigarette consumption in the experimental group. The significant correlation observed between the imagery vividness score and craving at pre-intervention disappeared at the 1-week and 1-month FU.
conclusionsThis novel I-RE demonstrated significant effects on nicotine addiction for 1 month after a single intervention session, suggesting that it is a promising treatment tool.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2200064469.
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