ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
Is BMI Enough? Body Composition Profiles and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hmar Tribe of Northeast India.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBody mass index (BMI) is widely used to assess health risk but overlooks fat and lean mass. This limitation is particularly salient for Indigenous/Tribal South Asian populations, who exhibit distinct body composition and cardiometabolic profiles. This study explores the distributions of BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass Index (FFMI) among the Hmar tribe of Northeast India, and evaluates their predictive utility for hypertension, with sex-specific focus.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 1207 adults (598 men, 609 women) using anthropometry, skinfolds, and bioelectrical impedance. BMI was classified using WHO (1995) and WHO Asia-Pacific (2000) criteria. Polynomial regressions generated sex-specific FFMI and FMI reference ranges. ROC analysis evaluated the predictive utility of BMI, FMI, and FFMI for hypertension.
resultsFFMI/BFMI ranged 16.3-19.2/2.2-5.8 kg/m
conclusionBMI alone is insufficient for assessing cardiometabolic risk among the Hmars. Sex-specific differences in FMI and FFMI, and their predictive value for hypertension, highlight the need for body composition-based population-sensitive screening strategies.
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