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ArticleJournal of nephrology2025

From stethoscope to ultrasound: an Italian survey of nephrology ultrasound practice.

Paolo Lentini, Michele Antonio Prencipe, Maurizio Garozzo, Fulvio Fiorini, Alessandro D'Amelio, Mauro Forcella, Alessio Montanaro, Federica Baciga, Antonio Granata, Giovanni Santarsia and 2 more

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Article in Journal of nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Paolo LentiniNephrology and Dialysis Unit, "St. Bassiano Hospital", Nephrology, University of Verona, International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy, Via dei Lotti, 40, 36061, Bassano del Grappa (VI), Italy. paolo.lentini@yahoo.it.ORCID 0000-0001-9706-1579
Michele Antonio PrencipeNephrology and Dialysis Unit, Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7638-0842
Maurizio GarozzoNephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Marta E S. Venera Hospital, Acireale, Catania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4910-7859
Fulvio FioriniNephrology and Dialysis Unit, S.M. Della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3583-4876
Alessandro D'AmelioNephrology and Dialysis Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8210-4457
Mauro ForcellaNephrology and Dialysis Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria OO.R.R, Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1746-8860
Alessio MontanaroNephrology and Dialysis Unit, Martina Franca Hospital, Martina Franca, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-8437-8608
Federica BacigaDepartment of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID 0009-0002-8866-3660
Antonio GranataNephrology and Dialysis Unit, "Cannizzaro" Hospital, Agrigento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7026-3952
Giovanni SantarsiaNephrology and Dialysis Unit, "Madonna Delle Grazie" Hospital, Matera, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4467-2285
Yuri BattagliaDepartment of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3947-1814
Working Group on Integrated Imaging and Interventional Nephrology of the Italian Society of Nephrology

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUltrasound (US) is an increasingly utilized imaging technique in nephrology,  for diagnostic and interventional applications. In spite of growing interest, its implementation across Italian nephrology centers remains poorly documented. To address this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the modalities of the training of expert nephrologists and current practices of diagnostic and interventional US procedures  performed by nephrologists in Italy.

methodsWe developed a 24-question electronic survey that collected data on (1) participants' background (years in US practice and certification), (2) type of US examinations performed (B-mode US, echo color Doppler studies, echocardiography, arteriovenous fistula [AV] assessment, US in peritoneal dialysis, and contrast-enhanced US), and (3) US-guided interventional procedures (kidney biopsies, central venous catheter [CVC] placements, and AV fistula [AVF] complications).

resultsQuestionnaires were returned by 115 nephrology units across Italy. Only 39% of respondents held formal US certification, and 65% stated they wished to attend US courses. Renal and urinary tract US was performed in 90% of respondent centers, followed by AV fistula echo color Doppler in 72%. However, advanced applications such as lung US or echocardiography were carried out in only 32% and 12% of centers, respectively. Regarding US-guided procedures, nephrologists performed CVC placements in 64% of responding centers and kidney biopsies in 37%.

conclusionsThis survey showed that US is widely used in Italian nephrology centers for renal and urinary tract imaging, AVF assessment, and CVC insertion. However, it also revealed a strong interest among nephrologists in further enhancing their US competencies through structured training programs, which should be promoted to improve the performance and diffusion of US in nephrology care.

Indexed as

NephrologistsNephrologyPractice Patterns, Physicians'StethoscopesUltrasonography, InterventionalCertificationCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Care SurveysHumansItalySurveys and QuestionnairesUltrasonographyInterventional nephrologyNephrology ultrasoundPoint-of-care ultrasonographySurvey studyUltrasound training

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.