ArticleDrugs - real world outcomes2025
Economic and Social Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Italy: A Cost-of-Illness Study.
Article in Drugs - real world outcomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence and Multi-Omics Approaches in the Precision Management of Pulmonary Hypertension: From Early Diagnosis to Therapeutic Stratification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, chronic and progressive disease with a significant clinical, social, and economic impact. Despite available therapies, none address the underlying cause but rather focus on symptom management.
objectivesThis study aims to estimate the economic and social burden of PAH in Italy, including direct healthcare costs, direct nonhealthcare costs, and indirect costs related to productivity loss.
methodsA bottom-up prevalence-based cost-of-illness model was developed using epidemiological data and healthcare resource consumption from national and international literature, validated by a panel of expert clinicians with extensive experience in the management of the condition across different regions of Italy. The analysis was conducted from a societal perspective over a 1-year horizon. The economic burden included direct healthcare costs (hospitalization, pharmaceuticals, and specialist care), direct nonhealthcare costs, and indirect costs related to productivity loss.
resultsIn Italy, the prevalent population of patients with PAH is estimated between 2100 and 3500 individuals, with 2-5% in functional class (FC) I, 28-31% in FC II, 53-57% in FC III, and 7-11% in FC IV. The total annual expenditure for treatment and management is estimated between 263 million and 438 million euros, with 74% attributable to direct healthcare costs, 9% to direct nonhealthcare costs, and 17% to indirect costs. The mean annual cost per patient is approximately 125,000 € and increases with disease severity, ranging from 46,303 € for FC I to 252,176 € for FC IV.
conclusionsPAH has a substantial economic burden, increasing with disease severity. Early diagnosis and targeted interventions could improve patient outcomes, reduce complications, and optimize resource allocation for the National Health Service and society.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.