Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41107058›Full record

ArticleBMJ open quality2025

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Chinese version of Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (FaCE) and Facial Disability Index (FDI).

Maohua Chen, Yujie Wang, Zhangqian Gu, Jing Guo, Wei Cui, Binfan Zhao, Zhen Cai, Quan Liu, Zhiyuan Jiang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open quality, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Maohua Chen *Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2483-3413
Yujie Wang *Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zhangqian GuDepartment of Orthopedics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jing GuoDepartment of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Wei CuiDepartment of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Binfan ZhaoDepartment of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zhen CaiDepartment of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Quan LiuDepartment of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zhiyuan JiangDepartment of Plastic Surgery, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China dr.jiangzhiyuan@foxmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (FaCE) and the Facial Disability Index (FDI) are essential tools for assessing the quality of life (QoL) in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP). This study aims to translate, adapt and validate the FaCE and FDI scales to ensure cultural relevance and psychometric validity for Chinese patients with PFP.

methodsFollowing the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines, the FaCE and FDI scales were translated and culturally adapted for Chinese use (including forward and back translation). From January to August 2024, 150 Chinese PFP patients and 50 age/gender-matched healthy controls in Sichuan Province were enrolled to evaluate psychometric properties. Statistical analyses included Cronbach's α (internal consistency), two-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficient (test-retest reliability, 2-week follow-up), exploratory factor analysis (EFA, principal component analysis/varimax rotation, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin/Bartlett's test; construct validity), Content Validity Index (CVI), Pearson correlations (convergent/discriminant validity VS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)), Mann-Whitney U test (group differences) and standardised response means (SRM)/Cohen's d (responsiveness).

resultsThe Cronbach's α for the FaCE scale was 0.835, and for the FDI scale, it was 0.895, indicating good internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed six dimensions for the FaCE scale, while the FDI scale was confirmed to have a two-dimensional structure. Additionally, significant correlations were found between the relevant dimensions of the FaCE and FDI scales and the SF-36, supporting their convergent validity. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated significant differences in initial questionnaire responses between the experimental and control groups (p<0.01). Responsiveness analysis demonstrated that the FaCE scale effectively captured changes in patient status.

conclusionsThis study validates the effectiveness and reliability of the Chinese-version FaCE and FDI in patients with PFP, providing robust evidence for their use as assessment tools for QoL in this population.

Indexed as

Disability EvaluationFacial ParalysisPsychometricsAdultChinaCross-Cultural ComparisonFaceFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTranslatingTranslationsHealthcare quality improvementQuality measurementSurgery

Identifiers

PMID41107058
PMCPMC12542546

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.