Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41105884›Full record

ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2025

Lymphocyte Dynamics and the Emergence of Secondary Autoimmunity Following Immune Reconstitution Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.

Sofia Sandgren, Lenka Novakova, Markus Axelsson, Igal Rosenstein, Jan Nils Lycke, Clas Malmeström

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Immune reconstitution and tolerance-inducing therapies as promising therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sofia SandgrenDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6206-3339
Lenka NovakovaDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Markus AxelssonDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Igal RosensteinDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-5078-9690
Jan Nils LyckeDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7891-8466
Clas MalmeströmDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesUnderstanding the immunologic changes induced by immune reconstitution therapies (IRTs) is key to optimizing multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. We evaluate lymphocyte dynamics and their association with secondary autoimmune disease (SAD) and its recurrence after treatment with alemtuzumab (ALZ), autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), and cladribine tablets (CladT).

methodsPeople with MS (pwMS) initiating treatment with ALZ, AHSCT, and CladT were included in this cohort study. Blood samples were collected at baseline (BL) and at months (M) 6, 12, and 24 for flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subpopulation.

resultsA total of 130 pwMS (ALZ: n = 51; AHSCT: n = 20; CladT: n = 59) were included, with a mean (SD) age of 35.5 (±8.2) years. The median (IQR) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 1.5 (1.0-2.5) at BL. The median follow-up duration was 4.7 (ALZ: 5.0; AHSCT: 4.2; CladT: 3.7) years. During follow-up, 29.2% (38/130; ALZ n = 29; AHSCT n = 3; CladT n = 6) received a SAD diagnosis and 43.1% (56/130; ALZ n = 15; AHSCT n = 13; CladT n = 28) showed no disease activity. The SAD cohort (n = 38) showed lower median BL ratios of CD4 DISCUSSION: A low BL CD4

Indexed as

AlemtuzumabCladribineHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationImmune ReconstitutionImmunologic FactorsImmunosuppressive AgentsMultiple SclerosisAdultCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedAlemtuzumabCladribineImmunologic FactorsImmunosuppressive Agents

Identifiers

PMID41105884
PMCPMC12535298

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