ArticlePloS one2025
Fear of childbirth in primipara women and its correlation with premenstrual syndrome: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFear of Childbirth (FOC) is the most common psychological problem among pregnant women, especially in primipara women who are more likely to fear the unknown delivery process. The causes of FOC are complex and influenced by various factors, but the impact of menstruation-related factors remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current situation of FOC in primiparous women during late pregnancy, investigate the influencing factors of FOC, and further explore the correlation between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and FOC.
methodsThis study is a multicenter cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling method is used to select 597 primiparous women who attend regular prenatal check-ups at three healthcare institutions in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China, between December 2023 and February 2024. Participants are required to complete the general information questionnaire, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Marital Adjustment Scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test are used to access the between-group differences. Multiple linear regression is used to analyze the influencing factors of FOC. Spearman correlation examines the relationship between PMS and FOC.
resultsThe results show that 46.73% of primiparous women experience FOC. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that dysmenorrhea, unintended pregnancy, PMS, social support, sleep quality, and marital relationship are significant factors influencing FOC (P < 0.05). Additionally, PMS is moderately positively correlated with FOC (r = 0.549, P < 0.01).
conclusionOur study results indicate that the social issue of FOC deserves attention. Clinical healthcare professionals should focus on the physical and mental well-being of pregnant women, particularly those with PMS. They should enhance prenatal psychological assessments and provide targeted emotional support based on individual circumstances, helping these women better cope with childbirth, improve their childbirth experience, and ensure maternal and infant health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.