Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41105127›Full record

ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2026

Trends in Cigarette Discontinuation Rates in the United States Across 2014/15-2021 Among Adults Who Use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Trends by ENDS Flavor, ENDS Device Type, and Age Group From the PATH Study.

Karin A Kasza, Zhiqun Tang, Adam F Benson, MeLisa R Creamer, Kathryn C Edwards, Eva Sharma, Joanne T Chang, Yu-Ching Cheng, Julie Clement, Colin Cunningham and 10 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Karin A KaszaDepartment of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4492-098X
Zhiqun TangWestat Inc, Rockville, MD, USA.
Adam F BensonCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8111-5464
MeLisa R CreamerNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kathryn C EdwardsWestat Inc, Rockville, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0645-1705
Eva SharmaWestat Inc, Rockville, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1328-508X
Joanne T ChangCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3974-8089
Yu-Ching ChengCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Julie ClementCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Colin CunninghamCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Christopher D EllisonCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Mehmet A ErgunCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Marisa GreenbergCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Olusola OniyideCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Nicole A TashakkoriCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Haijun XiaoCenter for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Cassandra StantonWestat Inc, Rockville, MD, USA.
Heather L KimmelNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8278-0095
Wilson ComptonNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Andrew HylandDepartment of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Funding

Center for Tobacco ProductsCenter for Tobacco Products (CTP), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Department of Health and Human ServicesFDA CTPFDA HHSFederal funds from the National Institute on Drug AbuseHealth Disparities, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteHHS HHSN271201100027CHHS HHSN271201600001CNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)National Institute on Minority HealthNCI NIH HHSNIAAA NIH HHSNIDANIDA NIH HHS HHSN271201100027CNIDDK NIH HHSNIEHS NIH HHSNIH HHS HHSN271201600001CNIH NIDANLM NIH HHSOffice of Behavioral and Social Sciences ResearchOffice of Disease Prevention
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCigarette discontinuation rates among adults who smoked cigarettes in the United States (US) diverged across 2013/14-2021 between those who did and did not use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We evaluate whether trends in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who used ENDS differed by ENDS flavor, ENDS device type, and age group.

methodsAdults aged ≥18 who smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (P30D) and used ENDS in the P30D were evaluated from biennial pairs of interviews using nationally representative longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data (2014/15-2021, Waves 2-6, n = 3054). Weighted generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were used to evaluate and test for differences in trends in cigarette discontinuation rates (no P30D smoking at follow-up) stratified by ENDS flavor (tobacco flavor only, menthol/mint flavor only, fruit/sweet/other flavor only, any combination flavor), ENDS device type (disposable, cartridge, tank), and age group (18-24, ≥25). Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking variables, other tobacco use, and other ENDS use variables.

resultsCigarette discontinuation rates increased for those who used menthol/mint flavor ENDS (trend adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.18, 95% CI:1.21 to 8.32), fruit/sweet/other flavor ENDS (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.16), any combination flavor ENDS (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.49 to 5.62), disposables (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.25 to 9.16), cartridge devices (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.49 to 3.63), tanks (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.94), those aged 18-24 (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI: 2.22 to 4.88), and those aged ≥25 (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.48).

conclusionsIncreasing trends in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who used ENDS were not specific to any ENDS flavor, ENDS device type, or age group examined here. IMPLICATIONS: Further research may identify factor(s) not examined in this study, such as the availability of nicotine salt-based ENDS products, account for the increasing trend in cigarette discontinuation rates among adults who use ENDS in the United States, which can further inform tobacco regulation.

Indexed as

Cigarette SmokingElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsFlavoring AgentsSmoking CessationAdolescentAdultAge FactorsFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedTobacco ProductsUnited StatesYoung AdultFlavoring Agents

Identifiers

PMID41105127
PMCPMC13008577

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.