ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2026
Structural validity of the Pain Interference Questionnaire and Fear of Pain Questionnaire for children and young people with cerebral palsy.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Test-retest reliability and measurement error of the pain interference questionnaire for cerebral palsy and the fear of pain questionnaire adapted for cerebral palsy.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Structural validity of the Pain Interference Questionnaire and Fear of Pain Questionnaire for children and young people with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo examine the structural validity and internal consistency of the Pain Interference Questionnaire for Cerebral Palsy (PIQ-CP) and Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Adapted for Cerebral Palsy (FOPQ-CP) measures and describe the proportion able to self-report, including individuals with diverse cognitive and communication abilities.
methodThis was a prospective cross-sectional study that included individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 5 to 30 years, who completed the PIQ-CP and FOPQ-CP. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess structural validity and Cronbach's alpha (α) was used to assess internal consistency (self-report data only). Self-report and parent-report data were used to determine the proportion able to self-report.
resultsSelf-report data showed good fit to the hypothesized model: one-factor PIQ-CP (n = 115; confirmatory fit index = 0.964, standardized root mean square residual = 0.078, α = 0.89) and two-factor FOPQ-CP (n = 102; confirmatory fit index = 0.937, standardized root mean square residual = 0.087, α = 0.68 [fear], α = 0.80 [avoidance]). Across all participants (n = 128), 79% could self-report, 11% required additional parent-report because self-report accuracy was uncertain, and 10% required parent-report only because of severe cognitive impairment.
interpretationThe PIQ-CP and FOPQ-CP have sufficient structural validity and internal consistency and provide access to self-report in most children and young people with CP. They can now support equitable assessment of the impact of chronic pain in children and young people with CP, including those with diverse abilities.
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