Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41104661›Full record

ArticleJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2026

The prevalence and impact of gluten-free food insecurity in pediatric celiac disease.

Andrew Krueger, Rashmi D Sahay, Emrah Gecili, Adrienne W Henize, Andrew F Beck, Melissa Klein, Daniel Mallon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. The prevalence and impact of gluten-free food insecurity in pediatric celiac disease.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Andrew KruegerCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-6003
Rashmi D SahayDivision of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Emrah GeciliDepartment of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Adrienne W HenizeDepartment of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Andrew F BeckDepartment of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Divisions of General and Community Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Melissa KleinDepartment of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Divisions of General and Community Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Daniel MallonDepartment of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-9191

Funding

None
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCeliac disease (CeD) requires lifelong adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet (GFD), though GF foods are more expensive. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate concordance between GF and general food insecurity (FI) among households with a child with CeD, (2) assess demographic and social factors associated with GF FI, and (3) investigate the impact of GF FI on tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (TTG IgA) decline and GFD adherence.

methodsThis single-center cohort study included CeD patients less than 18 years old. A de novo survey assessing GF FI, general FI, GFD adherence, social determinants of health, and sociodemographic information was distributed electronically to all CeD patients seen over a 6-year period. Additional clinical information was obtained from the electronic health record for respondents. Time to normalization of TTG IgA was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox regression models. Independent associations between GF FI and GFD adherence were examined.

resultsA total of 1039 CeD patients from 994 unique households received surveys with a 34.8% response rate. More respondents reported GF FI (26%) than general FI (20%). GF food insecure respondents took significantly longer to achieve TTG IgA normalization (hazard ratio = 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.44-0.9) than their food secure peers. Furthermore, GF FI was significantly associated with worse GFD adherence and gluten consumption due to transportation barriers, cost, and lack of GF food accessibility (all p < 0.05).

conclusionsGF FI should be considered in the routine care of pediatric CeD given its prevalence and impact on TTG IgA normalization and GFD adherence.

Indexed as

Celiac DiseaseDiet, Gluten-FreeFood InsecurityPatient ComplianceAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin AInfantMalePrevalenceTransglutaminasesImmunoglobulin ATransglutaminaseschildrendietary adherencegluten‐free dietnutritional securitytissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A

Identifiers

PMID41104661
PMCPMC12780476

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.