SegFormer-based nectar source segmentation in remote sensing imagery.

Introduction: Beekeepers often face challenges in accurately determining the spatial distribution of nectar-producing plants, which is crucial for informed decision-making and efficient beekeeping. Methods: In this study, we present an efficient approach for automatically identifying nectar-producing plants using remote sensing imagery. High-resolution satellite images were collected and preprocessed, and an improved segmentation model based on the SegFormer architecture was developed. The model integrates the CBAM attention mechanism, deep residual structures, and a spatial feature enhancement module to improve segmentation accuracy. Results: Experimental results on rapeseed flower images from Wuyuan County demonstrate that the improved model outperforms the baseline SegFormer model. The mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) increased from 89.31% to 91.05%, mean Pixel Accuracy (mPA) improved from 94.15% to 95.02%, and both mean Precision and mean Recall reached 95.40% and 95.02%, respectively. Discussion: The proposed method significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of nectar plant identification, providing real-time and reliable technical support for precision beekeeping management, smart agriculture, and ecological monitoring. It plays a key role in optimizing bee colony migration, improving collection efficiency, and regulating honey quality.