ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular disease due to dietary risks, 1990-2021.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of probiotics on blood lipids, glucose and pressure in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Dairy consumption and cardiovascular disease risk: a multi-level analysis with inflammatory biomarker mediation.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the burden and temporal trends of cardiovascular disease due to dietary risk (CVD-DR) from 1990 to 2021. Methods: This study used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to calculate the estimated deaths, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR), and annual percentage change (EAPC) from CVD-DR from 1990 to 2021. We then compared the ASDRs and ASMRs of CVD-DR according to region, socio-demographic index (SDI), sex, and age group. Finally, we evaluated the burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by 13 different dietary risks. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the global DALYs and deaths from CVD-DR increased by 36.5% and 44.8%, respectively, whereas the ASDR and ASMR decreased to 62.9% and 61.4% of the baseline values, respectively. In 2021, 5,833,851 deaths and 134,179,728 DALYs from CVD-DR were reported, with an ASMR of 69.81 per 100,000 population and an ASDR of 1,563.86 per 100,000 population. Hypertensive heart disease (HHD), stroke, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) due to dietary risks were the primary components. Correlation analyses indicated that ASMR and ASDR and their EAPCs were negatively correlated with SDI (ρ < 0, Conclusion: Over the last 31 years, the overall global burden of CVD-DR has increased, whereas the age-standardized burden has decreased, with the burdens mainly originating from IHD, stroke, and HHD. Lower-SDI regions face a higher and faster-growing burden of CVD-DR. Diets high in sodium and low in fruits and whole grains were the leading dietary contributors to this burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.