Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41103320›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025

Examining associations between human milk fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and early infant cognitive, language and motor development in the CHILD cohort study.

Sarah E Turner, Leslie E Roos, Nathan C Nickel, Theo J Moraes, Stuart E Turvey, Elinor Simons, Padmaja Subbarao, Bianca Robertson, Joyce Chikuma, Susan Goruk and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sarah E TurnerManitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Leslie E RoosChildren's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Nathan C NickelManitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Theo J MoraesDepartment of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Stuart E TurveyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Elinor SimonsChildren's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Padmaja SubbaraoDepartment of Pediatrics, Physiology and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Bianca RobertsonDepartment of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Joyce ChikumaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Susan GorukDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Catherine J FieldDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Lars BodeDepartment of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Jacqueline PeiSchool and Child Psychology Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Piushkumar J MandhaneDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Meghan B AzadManitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Human milk fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are milk components inconsistently associated with neurodevelopment. The objective of this research is to examine the link between fatty acids, HMOs and neurodevelopment. Methods: This study includes a subset of 240 parent-infant pairs from the Edmonton site of the CHILD Cohort Study. At 3-4 months post-partum, breastfeeding parents provided a milk sample which was analyzed to identify 20 fatty acids and 19 HMOs. Research assistants administered the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at 1 and 2 years of age, comprising cognitive, language and motor development scales (standardized to a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15; higher scores indicate better development). Adjusted linear regression was used to estimate the relationships between individual milk components or principal components and neurodevelopment, adjusting for maternal and infant factors. Interactions were tested with infant sex and maternal secretor status. Results: After adjustment, the first fatty acid principal component, characterized by high saturated fat and low n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, was related to higher motor scores ( Conclusion: Both fatty acids and HMOs are related to early neurodevelopment. Maternal secretor status moderates the relationship between select HMOs and neurodevelopment.

Indexed as

Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Developmentbreast milk compositioncognitive developmentcohort studylanguage developementmotor development

Identifiers

PMID41103320
PMCPMC12520911

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.