Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41103297›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in physiology2025

The impact of obesity on upper airway anatomy as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and obstructive sleep apnea endotypic traits.

Brandon Nokes, Aaron Schueler, Chantal Darquenne, Cristopher N Schmickl, Brian S Wojeck, Stacie Moore, Pamela Deyoung, Lana McGinnis, Rebecca J Theilmann, Eli Gruenberg and 7 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04793334 (Underlying Mechanisms of Obesity-induced Obstructive Sleep Apnea), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04793334 completednot on this map

Underlying Mechanisms of Obesity-induced Obstructive Sleep Apnea

TypeobservationalSponsorBrandon NokesRan2021 to 2025Enrolled106ConditionsObstructive Sleep Apnea, ObesityArmssleeve gastectomy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Brandon NokesSleep Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
Aaron SchuelerDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Chantal DarquenneDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Cristopher N SchmicklDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Brian S WojeckSection of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Stacie MooreDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Pamela DeyoungDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Lana McGinnisDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Rebecca J TheilmannDepartment of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
Eli GruenbergDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Eduardo GrunvaldDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Breanna M HollowayDepartment of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Raichel M AlexDivision of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Scott SandsDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Peter ColvonenVA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), San Diego, CA, United States.
Robert L OwensDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.
Atul MalhotraDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.

Funding

Acetazolamide to Improve Clinically Important Outcomes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with a High Loop Gain EndotypeK23HL161336 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Christopher Nikolaus Schmickl · 2022 to 2026
$863k
American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 940501NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL161336
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) development. Likewise, obesity management is an important component of OSA treatment. We sought to evaluate the OSA endotypes as well as upper airway anatomy, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients referred from a bariatric surgery clinic. Methods: The SLIM-OSA trial (NCT04793334; IRB#191948) seeks to elucidate the mechanisms for why weight loss improves OSA in some but not all individuals. Participants underwent baseline research polysomnography. Six months following sleeve gastrectomy for those who underwent surgery, polysomnography was repeated. A subset of these individuals also completed upper airway magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated relationships between upper airway anatomy and endotypic traits. Results: Of 55 individuals undergoing baseline studies, 22 completed upper airway MRI and polysomnography at baseline, with 5 individuals returning for MRI and polysomnography after sleeve gastrectomy. The study population was 86.4% female, with a mean age of 41.7 (11) years and median AHI of 11/h [IQR 2, 33]. Upper airway length was strongly associated with apnea hypopnea index (AHI), hypoxic burden, and ventilatory burden; somewhat surprisingly, tongue fat percentage was not associated with AHI. Conclusion: The relationship between obesity and OSA is complex and likely evolves through multiple mechanistic avenues. These findings may help inform future mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the heterogeneous impact of weight loss on OSA outcomes.

Indexed as

endotypeendotypesMRIobesityosaupper airway

Identifiers

PMID41103297
PMCPMC12521235

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.