ReviewKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2025
Artificial intelligence agents in orthopaedics: Concepts, capabilities and the road ahead.
Review in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited shoulder arthroscopy patents.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Orthopaedics: The Future Through the Lens of Knee Surgery.Balkan medical journal · 2026Article
- A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research-Part 4: Prerequisites for a successful orthopedics AI-driven project in terms of interdisciplinary collaboration, data management, ethical approval and technology.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Review
- Clinical Artificial Intelligence Agents in Nephrology: From Prediction to Action Through Workflow-Native Intelligence-A Roadmap for Workflow-Integrated Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence agents in orthopaedics: Concepts, capabilities and the road ahead.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in orthopaedics, yet current models are often limited to narrow, isolated tasks like analysing an X-ray or predicting a single outcome. This paper introduces AI agents-a new class of AI systems designed to overcome these limitations. Unlike traditional AI, agents can autonomously manage complex, multistep processes that mirror the complete patient journey. They can coordinate tasks from initial diagnosis and surgical scheduling to postoperative monitoring and rehabilitation, acting as intelligent assistants for clinical teams. This review explains what distinguishes AI agents from conventional AI, explores their potential applications in orthopaedic practice-including perioperative workflow optimisation, research acceleration and intelligent physician support-and discusses the significant implementation and ethical challenges that must be addressed. For the orthopaedic surgeon, understanding AI agents is becoming essential, as these systems offer a transformative potential to enhance efficiency, improve patient outcomes and shape the future of clinical leadership in a technologically advancing field. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.