ArticleJournal of occupational health2025
Association of work-family conflict with psychological distress and mental disorder among Japanese working women.
Article in Journal of occupational health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThe current study aimed (1) to examine the associations between bidirectional work-family conflict, comprising work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC), and two mental health outcomes: psychological distress and mental disorder; and (2) to examine the associations between demographic variables and work-family conflict among Japanese working women.
methodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 19 652 Japanese working women in June 2024. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and mental disorder was identified using a screening question about medical consultation or treatment. Work-family conflict was measured using the Work and Family Conflict Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed associations between work-family conflict and mental health outcomes, whereas univariate linear logistic regression examined the associations between demographic variables and work-family conflict.
resultsAmong participants, 9.5% reported psychological distress, and 5.3% reported receiving consultation or treatment for mental disorder. Severe WFC and FWC were significantly associated with psychological distress (WFC: odds ratio [OR] 4.94, 95% CI, 4.19-5.81; FWC: OR 3.44, 95% CI, 2.94-4.01; both P < .001) and mental disorder (WFC: OR 1.76, 95% CI, 1.46-2.12; FWC: OR 1.69, 95% CI, 1.40-2.04; both P < .001). Long working hours and caregiving responsibilities were strongly associated with WFC and FWC.
conclusionsWork-family conflict is significantly associated with adverse mental health among Japanese working women. Organizations need to address this issue in the workplace, particularly regarding flexible work arrangements and caregiving support, to promote the mental well-being of working women.
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