ArticleStem cell research & therapy2025
Intranasal delivery of DPSC-derived small extracellular vesicles-encased phloroglucinol attenuates non-motor and motor deficits and promotes neurogenesis in an in vivo rat model of Parkinson's disease.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global research trends and hotspots of exosome-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: a bibliometric study from 2015 to 2025.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Nose-to-Brain Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Trials, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Nose-brain axis: A bridge from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Photoreceptor-targeted engineered exosomes encapsulating black phosphorus quantum dots for alleviating photoreceptor degeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Dental pulp stem cell exosomes promote angiogenesis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to treat androgenetic alopecia.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's disease: disrupted communication between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired neurogenesis. Phloroglucinol, a polyphenolic antioxidant, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in PD models but suffers from limited clinical applicability due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibit neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties and serve as promising vehicles for targeted drug delivery across the BBB. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intranasally administered sEV-encased phloroglucinol (sEV-Phl) in a chronic MPTP rat model of PD.
methodsDPSC-derived sEV were isolated via density gradient ultracentrifugation and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic-Light-Scattering (DLS), and CD marker expression. Phloroglucinol was encased in sEV (sEV-Phl) using sonication. Antioxidant properties were tested in vitro using an H
resultssEV displayed high purity and homogeneity. sEV-Phl significantly reduced oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo, as indicated by decreased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels. sEV-Phl treated MPTP rats demonstrated marked improvement in motor and non-motor behaviours compared to MPTP rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased TH-positive neurons and enhanced neurogenesis in the SNpc of sEV-Phl-treated animals. Biodistribution studies confirmed efficient midbrain targeting of sEV, which were localized to dopaminergic-neurons, astrocytes and microglia. sEV-Phl also significantly reduced TNF-α expression, indicating decreased neuroinflammation.
conclusionThis study provides the first instance of using DPSC-derived sEV as a delivery vehicle for phloroglucinol in a PD model. sEV-Phl demonstrated significant neuroprotective-effects, enhanced DA-neuron survival and neurogenesis, and reduced neuroinflammation. Intranasal delivery of sEV-Phl represents a promising non-invasive therapeutic strategy for PD, offering a dual benefit of antioxidative and neurogenic support.
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