Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41102632›Full record

Observational studyBMC primary care2025

Availability and readiness of healthcare services at primary healthcare centers during the Sudan war: a cross-sectional study.

Mustafa Rabih, Ahmed Balla M Ahmed, Hafeia A Abdelgyoum, Suodad Elhassan, Elalim Eltayeb Abduelrhman Mohamed, Fatima Mohamed Osman Yasin, Gasm Alseed Abdelmonim Gasm Alseed Fadlalmoula, Magrabia Arbab, Mohanned Abdalsalam Mohammed Salih, Rana Adam Abdallah Ahmed and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mustafa RabihFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Qasr Street, PO Box: 102, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Ahmed Balla M AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Qasr Street, PO Box: 102, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan. m.salahballa@gmail.com.
Hafeia A AbdelgyoumFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Qasr Street, PO Box: 102, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Suodad ElhassanFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Qasr Street, PO Box: 102, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Elalim Eltayeb Abduelrhman MohamedFaculty of Medicine, Red Sea University, Port Sudan, Sudan.
Fatima Mohamed Osman YasinFaculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif, Sudan.
Gasm Alseed Abdelmonim Gasm Alseed FadlalmoulaFaculty of Medicine, University of Shendi, Shendi, Sudan.
Magrabia ArbabFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Qasr Street, PO Box: 102, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Mohanned Abdalsalam Mohammed SalihFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif, Sudan.
Rana Adam Abdallah AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Qasr Street, PO Box: 102, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Muhannad Bushra Masaad AhmedFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif, Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth services in Sudan have been severely disrupted during the ongoing war, leading to a decline in the availability and readiness of services at the primary care level. This study aimed to evaluate the availability and readiness of healthcare services at Sudanese primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) during the current conflict.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in four out of seven safe states in Sudan. Using the Service Delivery Indicator (SDI) survey, the availability and readiness of 15 medical equipment items, 15 vaccines, and 36 essential drugs were assessed. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare indices across states, followed by Dunn's post-hoc test to identify significant differences. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

resultsAmong the 50 PHCCs included, the mean equipment availability index was 63.6%, while the overall vaccine availability index was 48.0%, with 80% of facilities providing vaccination services. The overall drug availability index was 54.4%, with River Nile State having the highest availability at 67.6%. Vaccine availability indices in Red Sea State (mean = 29%) and River Nile State (mean = 24.4%) were significantly lower than in Gadarif State (mean = 80.7%) (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant difference in drug availability across the four states (p = 0.015).

conclusionPrimary healthcare centers in Sudan face significant challenges during the war, with shortages in medical equipment, vaccines, and essential drugs. Addressing these gaps is critical to ensure service functionality and prevent disease outbreaks. Strengthening supply chains and prioritizing healthcare support are urgently needed.

Indexed as

Armed ConflictsHealth Services AccessibilityPrimary Health CareCross-Sectional StudiesDisease OutbreaksDrugs, EssentialEquipment and SuppliesHumansSudanSurveys and QuestionnairesVaccinesDrugs, EssentialVaccinesAvailabilityHealthcare servicesPrimary healthcare centersReadinessSudanWar

Identifiers

PMID41102632
PMCPMC12533350

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.