ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Predisposing, enabling, and need factors influencing rapid uptake of the world health organization-endorsed TB diagnostic technologies in Africa.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnostic testing for pulmonary tuberculosis in low and middle-income countries: innovations to achieve universal access-a narrative review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- The case for ambition: Why countries must move boldly on Near Point-of-Care TB Diagnostics.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Uptake and rollout of the World Health Organization-endorsed technologies for Tuberculosis diagnosis in Africa: a literature review of international evidence 2007-2021.African health sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRapid tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are essential for TB control. Factors influencing the uptake of these technologies in Africa are not well-documented for all technologies and are completely undocumented for some countries. We conducted a survey to collect the status and document Predisposing, Enabling, and Need (PEN) factors influencing uptake so that we understand the associated barriers and inform interventions to improve the uptake.
methodsWe designed, piloted, and distributed a survey questionnaire in January 2023 to the National TB Programme (NTP) and National TB Reference Laboratory (NTRL) managers as well as key partners of the Ministry of Health in the 47 Member States of the World Health Organization African Region (WHO/AFR). Responses were accepted until July 2023. We performed quantitative data analysis using STATA version 14.0.
resultsFrom the 47 eligible countries, 22 responses (47%) were received from the NTRL managers, 17 (36%) from Technical Assistants (TAs) for NTRL and NTP, and 8 (17%) from the NTP managers. Our findings showed that it took between two to nine years from the endorsement of a new technology to its full implementation, with the duration increasing with the complexity of the test. Laboratory preparedness, staff competence, and policy reform were the main predisposing factors; availability of funds was the primary enabling factor, whereas the emergence of MDR-TB was the key need factor. Good governance and political commitment aligned with the existence of the Directorate of Laboratory Services and the NTRL, were crucial facilitators driving the adoption, adaptation, and implementation.
conclusionOur findings demonstrated that the uptake of TB diagnostics in Africa is slow. Considering the laboratory preparedness, staff competence, policy reform, availability of funds, and the emergence of MDR-TB as the main PEN factors identified could help speed up the uptake and rapid implementation of any new technology.
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