National assessment of early intervention services for children with developmental disorders in Lithuania: A mixed-methods study on gaps and future directions.

This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive national assessment of early intervention services for children with developmental disorders in Lithuania. The primary goal was to identify key challenges related to accessibility, quality, diagnostic capabilities, professional training, and family involvement, and to offer evidence-based recommendations for systemic improvement. A multi-method approach was employed, including demographic data analysis, structured surveys of 46 early intervention institutions, 753 specialists, and 1,004 parents, as well as site visits to 11 representative institutions. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and triangulated to assess service coverage, diagnostic practices, training access, and service quality across regions. The findings revealed significant regional disparities in service access, long waiting times, limited availability of validated diagnostic tools, and a shortage of qualified professionals. Only 24% of specialists expressed high satisfaction with available diagnostic and treatment methodologies. Although service coverage has expanded, systemic fragmentation persists. Parents identified gaps in communication, individualization of care, and access to home-based guidance. Institutions prioritized professional training as the top need, followed by updated methodologies and equipment. Conclusion: Despite notable efforts and committed professionals, Lithuania's early intervention system faces systemic barriers that limit its effectiveness. The study highlights the urgent need for national clinical guidelines, validated tools, expanded training opportunities, and greater family engagement. These findings offer a foundation for health policy reforms aimed at building a more accessible, equitable, and family-centred early intervention system.