ArticleCardiovascular and interventional radiology2026
CIRSE Standards of Practice for the Classification of Complications: The Modified CIRSE Classification System.
Article in Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
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- Transarterial Embolization Alone Versus Drug-Eluting Microspheres Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (RAD-18-TAcE): A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Trial
- Robotic-Assisted Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Bone Procedures: A Prospective Multicenter Pilot Study.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Trial
- Genicular Artery Embolization Using Imipenem/Cilastatin vs. Microsphere for Knee Osteoarthritis (GAUCHO). 12-Month Clinical Results of a Single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Trial
- Endovascular Therapy for Femoropopliteal Artery Lesions Involving the Popliteal Artery: 1-Year Outcomes from a Real-World Multicenter Registry.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of an Irreversible Electroporation System with Real-Time Electrical and Thermal Monitoring for Liver Tumors: A Bicentric Retrospective Study.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Observational
- Stereotactic Microwave Ablation of Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts: A Matched Case-Control Study.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Precision of Ablation Margin Assessment After Liver Microwave Ablation: A Head-to-Head Comparison of Visual and Software-Assisted Methods.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Computed Tomography-Proven Active Bleeding with Negative Emergency Angiography: Early Mortality Predictors and Development of the Negative Angiography Bleeding-Lethality Score.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Acute Kidney Injury, Vascular Complications, and Deaths after Hepatic Malignancy Histotripsy: An Analysis of FDA MAUDE Database Reports.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Who is Afraid of the Gallbladder? Case Series of Unmitigated Pericholecystic Microwave Ablations of Liver Tumours with Pictorial Review.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- CIRSE Standards of Practice for the Endovascular Management of Acute Lower Limb Ischaemia.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Multi-site efficacy and safety of transarterial microembolization with imipenem/cilastatin for refractory musculoskeletal pain: a single-centre analysis of hip, knee and shoulder (FIRE-NEM study).La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- CIRSE Standards of Practice for the Use of Non-sclerosant Liquid Embolic Agents in IR Practice.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Peripheral Nerve Block for Carbon Dioxide Angiography in Below-the-Knee Interventions: Impact on Pain Control, Image Quality, and Procedural Efficiency.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Preoperative CT-Guided Cryoneurolysis of the Genicular Nerves Before Total Knee Arthroplasty: Study Protocol for a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcome and Safety of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia Performed by Interventional Radiologists in Patients Undergoing Local Tumor Ablation of the Liver.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Single-center retrospective comparative study of 40-120 μm versus 100-300 μm trisacryl gelatin microspheres as the main embolic agents for prostatic artery embolization.Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2026Article
- Percutaneous Cryoablation of Clinical T1b Renal Tumors: A Tertiary Cancer Center Experience.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The CIRSE classification system was published in 2017 aiming to standardize the reporting of complications by avoiding subjective definitions and an excessive number of grades. The original system described 6 grades: Grade 1: complication could be solved within the same procedure, Grade 2: unplanned prolonged hospitalization < 48 h without an additional therapy, Grade 3: additional therapies needed or hospitalization > 48 h, but no sequelae, Grade 4: mild sequelae beyond hospitalization, Grade 5: severe sequelae requiring assistance in daily life, and Grade 6: death.Following initial evaluation through a validation process performed during the International Conference on Complications in Interventional Radiology (ICCIR 2023), a need to modify the system was identified, specifically to stratify grades 1 and 3 based on the degree of impact on the patient in terms of success or failure of the procedure (Grade 1) and on the duration of hospital stay (Grade 3). Thus, Grade 1 was subdivided into 1a and 1b: 1b describing situations when the complication was resolved within the same procedure, but the intended procedure was not completed and Grade 3 subdivided into 3a: Hospital stay > 48 h, but < 2 weeks and 3b > 2 weeks to depict the complications that resulted in the most time- and resource consuming hospitalizations. It remained the case that no permanent sequelae are observed in grade 3.This initial testing of the modified classification system in an international IR complication meeting showed high reliability and strong inter-observer agreement. The modified CIRSE system for classification of complications addresses the shortcomings of the original system while remaining easy to use with clear and objective parameters describing the clinical outcomes after a complication.
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