ArticleScientific reports2025
Safety evaluation of extracellular vesicles derived from hypoxia primed mesenchymal stem cells of umbilical cord and adipose tissue.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research progress of mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells and their derivatives against cell senescence in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Advancing MSC-EV Therapies: Harnessing Preconditioning and Mito-EVs to Tackle Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Microbiota, systemic immunity, and extracellular vesicles in stroke: peripheral nodes as therapeutic leverage points.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Exosomes and Small Extracellular Vesicles as an Alternative to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis: From Biological Rationale to Clinical Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Integrative Approaches to Treating Cellular Senescence in Kidney Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Cellular Allies Against Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Potential of Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Harnessing extracellular vesicles for ischemic stroke management.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Tissue factor and regenerative medicine: shaping cell and extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as regenerative therapeutics due to their roles in intercellular communication and tissue repair. This study aimed to assess the safety of EVs derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from both umbilical cord (UC-MSC-EVs) and adipose tissue (AD-MSC-EVs) sources, which were manufactured under xeno- and serum-free conditions and primed with 5% O2. EVs from neither source caused vascular or muscular stimulation in New Zealand rabbits. Systemic hypersensitivity tests revealed that neither UC-MSC-EVs nor AD-MSC-EVs triggered significant changes in allergic and immune responses or hematological parameters in the animals, highlighting their biocompatibility and safety when administered systemically. Furthermore, acute toxicity test using Swiss mice showed all mice survived without any signs of acute toxicity after intravenous injection of both types of EVs at very high doses (up to 10,000 µg/kg of body weight). In addition, subchronic toxicity examination in Wistar rats revealed that repeated injections of neither UC-MSC-EVs nor AD-MSC-EVs (50–150 µg/animal) affected hematological indices or the functions of the liver, kidney, or spleen. Collectively, our findings provide strong evidence that both UC-MSC-EVs and AD-MSC-EVs manufactured under xeno- and serum-free conditions and primed with 5% O2 are safe for potential therapeutic use. These results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the safety of physoxic MSC-derived EVs as therapeutic drugs, confirming their potential for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.