Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41102178›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Million-year solar wind irradiation recorded in chang'E-5 and chang'E-6 samples.

Renrui Liu, Xiaoping Zhang, Sizhe Zhao, Yi Xu, Pengwei Luo, Yang Li, Xiaojia Zeng, Chenkun Sun, Ronghua Pang, Chen Li and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Renrui Liu *State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-8214
Xiaoping ZhangState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China. xpzhangnju@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-5213
Sizhe Zhao *State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Yi XuState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China. yixu@must.edu.mo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8894-525X
Pengwei Luo *State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-2273
Yang LiCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China. liyang@mail.gyig.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-6603
Xiaojia ZengState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-779X
Chenkun SunState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Ronghua PangCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-1720
Chen LiCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.
Xiongyao LiCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2857-1089
Lianghai XieState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Zhiguo MengState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-087X
Qiugang ZongState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-3794
Chi WangState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 12461160265
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The long-term effects of Earth's magnetosphere on solar wind (SW) irradiation asymmetry between the lunar nearside and farside, and their implications for space weathering processes, remain poorly characterized. Here, we measure exposure ages and SW-induced amorphous rim thicknesses of individual grains from the Chang'E-5 (CE-5) and Chang'E-6 (CE-6) lunar soils to derive rim growth rates. Comparative analysis of SW irradiation records from CE-5, CE-6, and Apollo (11, 16, 17) samples reveals that CE-6 grains from the southern mid-latitude farside exhibit higher rim growth rates than those from the low-latitude nearside Apollo sites. This trend aligns with simulated lunar surface SW fluxes and is consistent with the hypothesis that reduced SW exposure on the nearside, due to Earth's magnetospheric shielding, may contribute to a persistent hemispheric asymmetry in SW irradiation. However, CE-5 samples from the northern mid-latitude nearside yield unexpectedly high rim growth rates, suggesting the potential involvement of additional local factors. The exact reasons for this anomaly remain unclear and warrant further investigation.

Identifiers

PMID41102178
PMCPMC12533252

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