ArticleNPJ vaccines2025
Immunization with VLP-based vaccines induces high IgG antibody titers in dermal interstitial fluid.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Exceeding expectations: factors contributing to the potency of human papillomavirus vaccines.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although antibodies often exert their effects within the interstitium, the distribution of antibodies within extravascular tissue compartments is not typically measured. Here, IgG titers in peripheral blood and dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) were compared after intramuscular and intradermal immunization with virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines. Antibody titers and durability in serum and ISF were similar, indicating that VLP-based vaccines can efficiently elicit strong antibody responses in the skin.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.