ArticleGenes & development2026
DIO3 coordinates photoreceptor development timing and fate stability in human retinal organoids.
Article in Genes & development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The human THRB thyroid hormone receptor gene and the puzzle of retinal disease phenotypes.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Roles of sonic hedgehog signaling in retinal patterning and neurogenesis during mammalian eye development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- The hourglass of high acuity vision: Cone plasticity at the intersection of time and space shapes the foveola.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Blocking apoptosis promotes survival and alters developmental dynamics of human retinal ganglion cells in retinal organoids.Cell reports · 2026Article
- A cell fate specification and transition mechanism for human foveolar cone subtype patterning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanisms governing the generation of neuronal subtypes at distinct times and proportions during human retinal development are poorly understood. While thyroid hormone (TH) signaling specifies cone photoreceptor subtypes, how this regulation changes over time remains unclear. To address this question, we studied the expression and function of type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3), an enzyme that degrades TH, in human retinal organoids. We show that DIO3 is a master regulator of human photoreceptor developmental timing and cell fate stability. DIO3 is highly expressed in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and decreases as these cells asynchronously differentiate into neurons, progressively reducing TH degradation and increasing TH signaling.
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Registered trials
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