ReviewBMJ global health2025
How to measure the core functions of primary care in low-income and middle-income country settings.
Review in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Primary Care Quality and Revisit Intention Among Hong Kong Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Is primary care the 'right care' for respiratory medicine in Africa?African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2026Article
- Accelerating Community Engagement: Measuring Results.International journal of public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The core functions of primary care are first contact access, comprehensiveness, continuity, coordination and person-centredness. These five core functions are highlighted as essential aspects of quality by the new WHO's measurement framework. In low-income and middle-income countries, the core functions are rarely measured and routinely collected data does not support their measurement. Existing international tools to measure the quality of primary care may evaluate some aspects of these core functions, but none of the reviewed tools focused on all of them. In sub-Saharan Africa, the Primary Care Assessment Tool has been developed over the last decade and a regional version of the tool has been validated to only measure the core functions as defined by the WHO. The tool uses exit interviews with users as recommended by the WHO. The tool has been piloted in South Africa, Uganda and Benin and will now be implemented in 11 African countries. The tool can enable low-income and middle-income countries to measure the core functions and plan interventions to improve the quality of primary care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.