ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2025
Progress of diabetic retinopathy up to 24 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden: a cohort study from the Skaraborgs Diabetes Register.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- UHPLC-MS/MS-based plasma untargeted lipidomic analysis in patients with diabetes mellitus combined with hyperuricemia.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
introductionThis study investigated the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening DR (STDR) through 2021 in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in 1996-2004. The study also investigated risk factors associated with DR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe cohort comprised patients in the Swedish Skaraborg Diabetes Register in 1996-2004 who were ≤70 years at T2DM diagnosis and without DR at first-eye examination. Clinical data at diagnosis included age, smoking habits, body mass index, blood pressure, HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, c-peptide and antihypertensive drugs as a proxy for hypertension. The level of DR at first eye examination after diagnosis through 31 December 2021 was extracted from medical records at the Department of Ophthalmology, Skaraborg Hospital. The cumulative incidence of DR was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of DR.
resultsThe study included 2267 patients; over the course of 24 years of follow-up (mean 12.8±5.8 years), 926 developed DR and 101 developed STDR. The cumulative incidence after 10 and 20 years was 29.0% and 67.6% for DR and 1.4% and 11.4% for STDR. Higher HbA1c (HR 1.02 per 1 mmol/mol, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02) and antihypertensive treatment at diagnosis (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.47) were associated with increased risk of DR. Higher age (HR 0.98 per year, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.98) and diagnosis in 1999-2004 versus 1996-1998 (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.66) were associated with a lower risk of DR.
conclusionDuring follow-up, 926 patients developed DR, whereas 101 developed STDR. Higher HbA1c and antihypertensive treatment were associated with a higher risk of developing DR and STDR, while higher age at diagnosis and diagnosis in 1999-2004 versus 1996-1998 were associated with lower risk.
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