Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41100017›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2026

HIV Prevalence and Related Factors among Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings of a Nationwide Bio-Behavioral Survey, 2023-2024.

Fatemeh Tavakoli, Soheil Mehmandoost, Maliheh Sadat Bazrafshani, Mahkameh Rafiei, Naser Nasiri, Hossein Mirzaei, AliReza Tajlili, Kambiz Mahzari, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Karamouzian and 1 more

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Article in AIDS and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Fatemeh TavakoliHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Soheil MehmandoostHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Maliheh Sadat BazrafshaniHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Mahkameh RafieiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Naser NasiriBio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
Hossein MirzaeiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AliReza TajliliCountry Coordinating Mechanism, Global Fund, Tehran, Iran.
Kambiz MahzariWelfare Organization, Harm Reduction and AIDS Group, Tehran, Iran.
Ali Akbar HaghdoostSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Mohammad KaramouzianHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. karamouzian.m@gmail.com.
Hamid SharifiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. sharifihami@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-7618

Funding

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 10109675
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Female sex workers (FSW) remain a key population for HIV prevention. In this cross-sectional study, we used respondent-driven sampling among 1,516 FSW in 13 Iranian cities (2023-2024) to assess HIV prevalence and associated factors. The HIV prevalence was 1.32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24; 2.39). In a multivariable model, higher education was protective (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.17), while polydrug use (aOR = 5.53) and sex with people who inject drugs (aOR = 3.27) increased HIV odds. Sufficient HIV knowledge was also associated with infection (aOR = 7.29), likely reflecting post-diagnosis education as all participants with HIV were previously diagnosed. These findings underscore that despite progress, FSW remain a high-risk group in Iran. Prevention strategies must prioritize the integration of harm reduction and substance use services to effectively address the overlapping risks that continue to drive the HIV epidemic in this population.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsSex WorkersAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansIranMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsRisk-TakingSexual BehaviorSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSubstance-Related DisordersFemale sex workersHIVIranPrevalenceSurvey

Identifiers

PMID41100017

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.