ArticleNucleic acids research2025
N1-methylpseudouridine mRNA modification enhances efficiency and specificity of gene overexpression by preventing Prkra-mediated global translation repression.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- NNature · 2026Article
- Modifying VEGF-A mRNA by combinatorial optimization to enhance therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Innate Sensing of Viral Nucleic Acids and Their Use in Antiviral Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In vitro transcribed messenger RNA (IVT mRNA) has emerged as a pivotal tool in mRNA-based therapies and has been extensively employed in gene function studies and genetic tool applications. However, the IVT process generates double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by-products that are recognized by dsRNA sensors, triggering innate immune responses. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the detrimental effects of dsRNA by-products on early zebrafish embryos, revealing that these by-products induce cell necrosis and delay maternal-zygotic transition (MZT) by reducing global translation efficiency via Prkra (Protein Activator Of Interferon Induced Protein Kinase; also called PACT in mammals), a dsRNA sensor recently identified in pluripotent cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) modification of IVT mRNAs effectively mitigates these adverse effects, as m1Ψ-modified dsRNAs exhibit significantly lower binding affinity to the Prkra dimer. Our findings underscore a previously overlooked challenge in the use of IVT mRNA in early embryos and offer a robust solution to enhance the fidelity of mRNA applications. Furthermore, we elucidate that m1Ψ modification minimizes the dsRNA-induced stress response in pluripotent cells through a distinct mechanism.
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Registered trials
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