ArticleJACC. Heart failure2026
Prevalence and Associations of Systemic Inflammation in Heart Failure Across the Spectrum of Ejection Fraction.
Article in JACC. Heart failure, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT03574597. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
SELECT - Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People With Overweight or Obesity
Open the trial in the graphEffect of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on the Progression of Renal Impairment in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Semaglutide Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Explainable machine learning model for early prediction of ICU death in chronic heart failure with pulmonary infection.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Pre- and post-diagnosis signalling lipid profiles in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a prospective cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Neural-immune-cardiovascular axis: from mechanistic crosstalk to therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSystemic inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Inflammation in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been linked to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic conditions, whereas inflammation in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is thought to develop secondary to cardiac stress and circulatory derangements.
objectivesThis study aims to characterize the prevalence and correlates of systemic inflammation across the spectrum of HF.
methodsPatients with HF participating in 3 large outcome trials (SELECT, SOUL, and FLOW) were examined to identify the prevalence of systemic inflammation, defined as elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥2 mg/L. Clinical characteristics associated with elevated hsCRP were examined by HF subtype and across the HF spectrum.
resultsAcross the 3 trials, 3,204 patients had HFpEF, 1,246 had HFmrEF, and 1,018 had HFrEF. Elevated hsCRP was observed in 2,335 patients (52.5%) with HFpEF/HFmrEF and 503 patients (49.4%) with HFrEF. Compared with patients with lower hsCRP levels, those with higher hsCRP levels were more likely to be female and have obesity, diabetes, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher albuminuria, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, without meaningful differences by HF subtype. hsCRP level was unrelated to ejection fraction (R
conclusionsSystemic inflammation is present in one-half of patients with HF, and is associated with excess body fat, chronic kidney disease, albuminuria, and diabetes, and increases with comorbidity burden. These relationships are not specific to HFpEF/HFmrEF but are also common to HFrEF (Semaglutide Effects on Heart Disease and Stroke in Patients With Overweight or Obesity [SELECT]; NCT03574597; A Research Study to See How Semaglutide Works Compared to Placebo in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease [FLOW]; NCT03819153; A Heart Disease Study of Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [SOUL]; NCT03914326).
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