Observational studyClinical & experimental ophthalmology
Repeat Intraocular Sampling and Microbiological Testing in Infectious Endophthalmitis: A 27-Year Prospective Observational Study at an Australian Statewide Tertiary Referral Centre.
Observational study in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute endogenous endophthalmitis caused byIDCases · 2025Article
- Repeat Intraocular Sampling and Microbiological Testing in Infectious Endophthalmitis: A 27-Year Prospective Observational Study at an Australian Statewide Tertiary Referral Centre.Clinical & experimental ophthalmologyObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEndophthalmitis requiring multiple ocular tissue sampling for microbiological testing is uncommon and has not been previously studied. This study aims to analyse cases with at least two ocular tissue samplings and testing of different ocular samples against culture yields.
methodsA 27-year prospective observational study using data from the Victorian Endophthalmitis Registry, managed through the REDCap data platform. The study included 314 patients (317 eyes) who underwent at least two aqueous or vitreous specimen collections. The primary outcome measures included microbiological culture results from repeat and multiple intraocular samples and identification of isolated microorganisms.
resultsThe overall initial culture positivity rate was 75.7%, while the culture positivity rate at the second intervention was 34.7%. First vitreous taps had the highest culture yield (72.6%) among different sample types. Notably, 19.5% of eyes with initial negative vitreous cultures had subsequent positive results. Further analysis showed that 24.4% of eyes with initial negative vitreous cultures had corresponding positive aqueous cultures. Additionally, 12.2% of eyes with negative initial vitreous taps yielded positive cultures from vitreous biopsies or washings from vitrectomy. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species were the main pathogens isolated (40.4% and 31.3% of cases respectively).
conclusionsOur study demonstrated the trends and utility of repeated and different ocular tissue sampling in challenging endophthalmitis. Aqueous taps are most useful at the first biopsy, beyond which it has little diagnostic value. A second sampling can be valuable in patients who are initially culture-negative. Surgical specimens contribute meaningfully to the overall culture yield and enhance cumulative culture positivity.
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