Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41099231›Full record

SynthesisNursing ethics2026

Ethical concerns of AI in healthcare: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Jiayu Hou, Xuan Cheng, Jiayu Liao, Zhiqiao Zhang, Weihong Wang

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nursing ethics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jiayu HouSchool of Nursing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.ORCID 0009-0002-4161-5645
Xuan ChengSchool of Nursing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.ORCID 0009-0005-2806-1221
Jiayu LiaoSchool of Nursing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.ORCID 0009-0002-6868-3445
Zhiqiao ZhangSchool of Nursing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.ORCID 0009-0001-2690-111X
Weihong WangSchool of Nursing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.ORCID 0009-0001-5156-1022

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the rapid penetration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, its associated ethical issues have become increasingly prominent. However, existing research often lacks systematic approaches and fails to explore cognitive differences thoroughly among healthcare professionals across regions, professions, and departments. To address this gap, this study systematically retrieved 19 qualitative studies from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Quality was assessed using the JBI-QARI tool, and data were analyzed through thematic analysis, encompassing healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds. Findings reveal that while AI enhances diagnostic accuracy and optimizes resource allocation, it also triggers ethical dilemmas such as algorithmic bias, data privacy breaches, and ambiguous accountability. Furthermore, cultural, resource, and policy disparities across regions significantly influence healthcare professionals' perceptions, while differing professional roles and departmental responsibilities lead to distinct ethical priorities. Thus, AI applications in healthcare face multidimensional ethical challenges that disrupt practitioners' workflows while profoundly impacting patient rights protection and healthcare system operations. Future efforts must develop systematic solutions across technological R&D, responsibility allocation, data security, and personnel training to balance innovation with ethics and advance sustainable AI-driven healthcare.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDelivery of Health CareHumansQualitative Researchartificial intelligence (AI)ethical issuesethics and legal compliancehealthcarequalitative research

Identifiers

PMID41099231
PMCPMC13009240

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.