Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41099080›Full record

ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026

The First Review on Nano-Agricultural Applications of MXene and MBene-Based Materials for Plant-Immunoengineering, Controlled Protection, and Inducing Biostimulation Mechanisms.

Alireza Rafieerad, Ahmad Amiri, Maik Böhmer, Soofia Khanahmadi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alireza RafieeradInstitute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0009-0004-5312-0900
Ahmad AmiriRussell School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA.
Maik BöhmerInstitute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Soofia KhanahmadiInstitute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 525793193
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Producing quality food crops with a focus on climate and environmental improvement policies has become central to modern farming and sustainability strategies. However, the rising world population and food demand have region-dependently pushed these boundaries to the overuse of agrochemical inputs. These include plant antimicrobials, pesticides, and soil fertilizers, applied to boost crop yields, reaching a critical juncture. The reliance on agrochemicals has been proven effective in priming, plant growth, and enhancing defense/resistance to biotic stressors, such as phytopathogens and invasive organisms, as well as abiotic pressures, including heat, drought, salinity, and light stress, by increasing nutrient absorption and innate immunity or adaptive stress resistance. However, increasing concerns about the safety, cost, and environmental impact of agrochemicals have intensified the necessity for applying sustainable precision technologies. Nano-agriculture has introduced emerging possibilities for utilizing low-dimensional biomaterials for plant protection/stimulation applications, once these technologies are proven safe. Among them, carbon-based MXenes and derivatives (MBenes) show potential due to their high surface-to-volume area, biocompatibility at controlled doses, and tunable physicochemical/biological properties. These unique specifications support targeted delivery and sustained release, while also enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance. This comprehensive review covers their effect on seed germination, seedling maturation, plant-immunoengineering, priming, eliciting, stomatal closure, antimicrobial actions, and gene or phytohormone regulation. It also discusses their role as sustainable carriers for the delivery and release of agrochemicals and plant protection by nano-design, aiming to reduce agrochemical consumption. Lastly, we discuss the current environmental regulations for nanomaterials and recommend rational outlooks for future work.

Indexed as

AgricultureNanotechnologyCrops, AgriculturalNitritesTransition ElementsMXeneNitritesTransition Elementsbiostimulationbiotic/abiotic stressesdefense/growth enhancement mechanismsMXenes/MBenesnano‐agricultureplant‐immunoengineeringsustained release of agrochemicals

Identifiers

PMID41099080
PMCPMC12822536

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.