ArticleAquaculture nutrition2025
Betaine Alleviated the Ammonia-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation in the Skin of Largemouth Bass Fed With High-Carbohydrate Diet via Inhibiting MAPK/NFκB-Myd88 Pathway.
Article in Aquaculture nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ammonia Exposure Elevated 5-HT Expression, Reprogrammed Transcriptome and Microbiota Community in Yellow Catfish (Microorganisms · 2026Article
- TMAO Supplementation to High-Carbohydrate Diet Reprogrammed Hepatic Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota to Improve Liver Health and Disease Resistance ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Fish skin provides vital protection against environmental stressors and pathogens, whose health is significantly affected by dietary components. In intensive aquaculture, accumulated ammonia seriously affected fish skin structure and immune responses. In this study, largemouth bass were fed with control diet (Con), high-carbohydrate (HC) diet and HC diet supplemented with betaine (HC + Bet) for 8 weeks before ammonia exposure. The skin structure, immune responses, programmed cell death (PCD), and status of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were evaluated. Results indicated ammonia stress increased epidermal thickness and skin mucus cell numbers, while betaine supplementation recovered the HC-restricted epidermal thickness at 7 days post-stress. Ammonia stress also induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in skin, while betaine significantly inhibited NF-κB/myd88 pathway to alleviate the over-inflammation in skin of HC-fed largemouth bass. Further study identified the significantly increased TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling
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