ArticleSubstance abuse and rehabilitation2025
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity as Intersectional Predictors of Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Attrition.
Article in Substance abuse and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Digital Therapeutic Content for Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Development and Evaluation Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: An intersectionally-informed approach considers how personal factors such as sex, race, and ethnicity may compound to impact individuals and their health outcomes. We examined how these factors interact to influence treatment attrition in an outpatient, treatment-seeking substance use disorder population. Patients and Methods: The Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharges (2017-2021) provided de-identified data, with each outpatient treatment encounter assessed at admission and discharge, yielding a repeated cross-sectional design. The repeated admission bias was defined as the odds of total admissions relative to the odds of the first admission for each group. Discharge reasons of dropped out or terminated were coded as treatment attrition. Logistic regression assessed treatment attrition, with the interaction term assessing nonadditivity. The unadjusted model included sex, race and ethnicity, and their interaction term, and the adjusted model incorporated the state, primary substance, and age group. Results: Of 3,934,962 admissions, 1,668,338 (42.4%) were first admissions. White males were over-represented in repeat admissions, and Latina females were 22% less likely to be readmitted. For first episode encounters, females had significantly greater treatment attrition across all groups. Sex, race, and ethnicity, and their interaction were significant in both unadjusted and adjusted models. In adjusted models, the sex difference in attrition was 1.3 percentage points for White individuals (95% CI: 1.2-1.5), but more than twice as large for Black (2.8; 95% CI: 2.5-3.2) and Latino individuals (2.8; 95% CI: 2.4-3.2). Conclusion: Our findings show that intersecting identities of sex, race, and ethnicity shape disparities in treatment engagement. Black and Latina females face compounded barriers to retention and re-engagement. Incorporating an intersectional perspective into addiction treatment planning and policy may help reduce attrition and improve equity in care.
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